cmd/anubis: configurable difficulty per-bot rule (#53)

Closes #30

Introduces the "challenge" field in bot rule definitions:

```json
{
  "name": "generic-bot-catchall",
  "user_agent_regex": "(?i:bot|crawler)",
  "action": "CHALLENGE",
  "challenge": {
    "difficulty": 16,
    "report_as": 4,
    "algorithm": "slow"
  }
}
```

This makes Anubis return a challenge page for every user agent with
"bot" or "crawler" in it (case-insensitively) with difficulty 16 using
the old "slow" algorithm but reporting in the client as difficulty 4.

This is useful when you want to make certain clients in particular
suffer.

Additional validation and testing logic has been added to make sure
that users do not define "impossible" challenge settings.

If no algorithm is specified, Anubis defaults to the "fast" algorithm.

Signed-off-by: Xe Iaso <me@xeiaso.net>

cmd/anubis/js/proof-of-work-slow.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// https://dev.to/ratmd/simple-proof-of-work-in-javascript-3kgm
+
+export default function process(data, difficulty = 5, _threads = 1) {
+  console.debug("slow algo");
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    let webWorkerURL = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([
+      '(', processTask(), ')()'
+    ], { type: 'application/javascript' }));
+
+    let worker = new Worker(webWorkerURL);
+
+    worker.onmessage = (event) => {
+      worker.terminate();
+      resolve(event.data);
+    };
+
+    worker.onerror = (event) => {
+      worker.terminate();
+      reject();
+    };
+
+    worker.postMessage({
+      data,
+      difficulty
+    });
+
+    URL.revokeObjectURL(webWorkerURL);
+  });
+}
+
+function processTask() {
+  return function () {
+    const sha256 = (text) => {
+      const encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(text);
+      return crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256", encoded.buffer)
+        .then((result) =>
+          Array.from(new Uint8Array(result))
+            .map((c) => c.toString(16).padStart(2, "0"))
+            .join(""),
+        );
+    };
+
+    addEventListener('message', async (event) => {
+      let data = event.data.data;
+      let difficulty = event.data.difficulty;
+
+      let hash;
+      let nonce = 0;
+      do {
+        hash = await sha256(data + nonce++);
+      } while (hash.substring(0, difficulty) !== Array(difficulty + 1).join('0'));
+
+      nonce -= 1; // last nonce was post-incremented
+
+      postMessage({
+        hash,
+        data,
+        difficulty,
+        nonce,
+      });
+    });
+  }.toString();
+}